Intersection Types

When analyzing and designing an intersection, it is important to consider both the geometry and the treatments that can be applied to enhance safety and operations. For guidance that should be applied to all intersection design, review Key Considerations, particularly sections on Roadway Design, Vehicle Swept Path Analysis, and Emergency Access, Drainage and Stormwater Control, Accessibility, Pedestrian Mobility Plan, and Pedestrian Access Routes. Many additional design strategies for intersections can be found in Designing for People to provide further safety enhancements, including Curb Extensions, Pedestrian Safety Islands, Raised Crosswalks, Raised Intersections, and Turn Calming. 

Review the Spec and Detail Finder and NYC DOT resources for more information on Typical Pavement Markings and Geometry.

Intersections can generally be classified into three main types: Simple, T-Intersections, and Complex Intersections. Each type presents different design considerations and opportunities to enhance safety, accessibility, and clarity.

Simple Intersections

Usage: Wide

Simple (or standard) intersections occur where two streets meet at a generally perpendicular angle and form a four-legged crossing with four crosswalks. This condition is typical in areas with a traditional street grid and characterizes much of New York City. These intersections are preferred as they promote predictable movements for all users.

T-Intersections

Usage: Wide

T-Intersections typically occur when streets intersect at a feature like a park, a large property (e.g. NYCHA campus or a super-block development), or topographical conditions that result in a Step Street or significant slope. These intersections have similar features to a Simple Intersection, but three legs and typically three crosswalks.

Complex Intersections

Usage: Limited

Complex intersections occur where more than two streets converge or meet at irregular angles. These locations often present challenges for signalization, navigation, and safety due to non-standard geometry and high user volumes.

Where possible, complex intersections should be redesigned to make them as regular and orthogonal as possible—simplifying operations and reducing conflicts. Realigning approaches, closing redundant legs or slip lanes, and reallocating excess roadway can enhance safety and create opportunities to support community life by transforming reclaimed areas into Pedestrian Plazas.